Liquid crystalline medium

ABSTRACT

The invention relates to a liquid-crystalline medium based on a mixture of polar compounds having negative dielectric anisotropy, which contains at least one compound of the formula I 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     and at least one compound of the formula II 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     in which
     R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , ring A, Z 1 , Z 2  and m are as defined in Claim  1,      and to the use thereof for an active-matrix display based on the ECB, VA, PS-VA, FFS, PALC or IPS effect.

The invention relates to a liquid-crystalline medium based on a mixtureof polar compounds having negative dielectric anisotropy, which containsat least one compound of the formula I and at least one compound offormula II

wherein

-   R¹ to R⁴ are each independently alkyl or alkoxy with 1 to 8 C atoms,    wherein one or more CH₂-groups are optionally replaced by —CH═CH—,    —CF₂O, or —O— in a way that —O— atoms are not linked directly to one    another,

is

or

and

-   X¹ and X² are each independently F, Cl or CF₃,-   Z¹ and Z² are each independently a single bond, —CH₂CH₂—, —CH₂O—,    —OCH₂—, —CF₂O—, —OCF₂—, —COO—-   m is 0 or 1.

Media of this type are to be used, in particular, for electro-opticaldisplays with active-matrix addressing based on the ECB effect, for IPS(in plane switching) and for FFS (fringe field switching) displays.

The principle of electrically controlled birefringence, the ECB(electrically controlled birefringence) effect or DAP (deformation ofaligned phases) effect was described for the first time in 1971 (M. F.Schieckel and K. Fahrenschon, “Deformation of nematic liquid crystalswith vertical orientation in electrical fields”, Appl. Phys. Lett. 19(1971), 3912). Papers by J. F. Kahn (Appl. Phys. Lett. 20 (1972), 1193)and G. Labrunie and J. Robert (J. Appl. Phys. 44 (1973), 4869) followed.

The papers by J. Robert and F. Clerc (SID 80 Digest Techn. Papers(1980), 30), J. Duchene (Displays 7 (1986), 3) and H. Schad (SID 82Digest Techn. Papers (1982), 244) have shown that liquid-crystallinephases must have high values for the ratio between the elastic constantsK₃/K₁, high values for the optical anisotropy Δn and values for thedielectric anisotropy Δ∈ of −0.5 to −5 in order to be suitable for usein high-information display elements based on the ECB effect.Electro-optical display elements based on the ECB effect have ahomeotropic edge alignment. Dielectrically negative liquid-crystal mediacan also be used in displays which use the so-called IPS effect.

Industrial application of this effect in electro-optical displayelements requires LC phases which have to satisfy a multiplicity ofrequirements. Particularly important here are chemical resistance tomoisture, air and physical influences, such as heat, radiation in theinfrared, visible and ultraviolet regions, and direct and alternatingelectric fields.

Furthermore, LC phases which can be used industrially are required tohave a liquid-crystalline mesophase in a suitable temperature range andlow viscosity.

None of the series of compounds having a liquid-crystalline mesophasethat have been disclosed hitherto includes a single compound which meetsall these requirements. Mixtures of two to 25, preferably three to 18,compounds are therefore generally prepared in order to obtain substanceswhich can be used as LC phases. However, it has not been possible toprepare optimum phases easily in this manner, since no liquid-crystalmaterials having significantly negative dielectric anisotropy andadequate long-term stability have hitherto been available.

Matrix liquid-crystal displays (MLC displays) are known. Non-linearelements which can be used for individual switching of the individualpixels are, for example, active elements (i.e. transistors). The term“active matrix” is then used, where a distinction can be made betweentwo types:

-   1. MOS (metal oxide semiconductor) transistors on a silicon wafer as    substrate.-   2. Thin-film transistors (TFTs) on a glass plate as substrate.

In type 1, the electro-optical effect used is usually dynamic scatteringor the guest-host effect. The use of single-crystal silicon as substratematerial restricts the display size, since even modular assembly ofvarious part-displays results in problems at the joins.

In the case of the more promising type 2, which is preferred, theelectro-optical effect used is usually the TN effect.

A distinction is made between two technologies: TFTs comprising compoundsemiconductors, such as, for example, CdSe, or TFTs based onpolycrystalline or amorphous silicon. The latter technology is beingworked on intensively worldwide.

The TFT matrix is applied to the inside of one glass plate of thedisplay, while the other glass plate carries the transparentcounterelectrode on its inside. Compared with the size of the pixelelectrode, the TFT is very small and has virtually no adverse effect onthe image. This technology can also be extended to fullycolour-compatible displays, in which a mosaic of red, green and bluefilters is arranged in such a way that a filter element is opposite eachswitchable pixel.

The TFT displays disclosed hitherto usually operate as TN cells withcrossed polarisers in transmission and are back-lit.

The term MLC displays here covers any matrix display with integratednon-linear elements, i.e. besides the active matrix, also displays withpassive elements, such as varistors or diodes(MIM=metal-insulator-metal).

MLC displays of this type are particularly suitable for TV applications(for example pocket TVs) or for high-information displays in automobileor aircraft construction. Besides problems regarding the angledependence of the contrast and the response times, difficulties alsoarise in MLC displays due to insufficiently high specific resistance ofthe liquid-crystal mixtures [TOGASHI, S., SEKIGUCHI, K., TANABE, H.,YAMAMOTO, E., SORIMACHI, K., TAJIMA, E., WATANABE, H., SHIMIZU, H.,Proc. Euro-display 84, September 1984: A 210-288 Matrix LCD Controlledby Double Stage Diode Rings, pp. 141 ff., Paris; STROMER, M., Proc.Eurodisplay 84, September 1984: Design of Thin Film Transistors forMatrix Addressing of Television Liquid Crystal Displays, pp. 145 ff.,Paris]. With decreasing resistance, the contrast of an MLC displaydeteriorates. Since the specific resistance of the liquid-crystalmixture generally drops over the life of an MLC display owing tointeraction with the inside surfaces of the display, a high (initial)resistance is very important for displays that have to have acceptableresistance values over a long operating period.

The disadvantage of the MLC-TN displays disclosed hitherto is due totheir comparatively low contrast, the relatively high viewing-angledependence and the difficulty of producing grey shades in thesedisplays.

There thus continues to be a great demand for MLC displays having veryhigh specific resistance at the same time as a wideoperating-temperature range, short response times and low thresholdvoltage with the aid of which various grey shades can be produced.

The invention has the object of providing MLC displays which are basedon the ECB, VA (vertical alignment), PS-VA (polymer stabilized-VA), IPSor FFS effect and do not have the disadvantages indicated above, or onlydo so to a lesser extent, and at the same time have very high specificresistance values.

It has now been found that this object can be achieved if nematicliquid-crystalline mixtures which contain at least one compound of theformula I and at least one compound of the formula II are used in thesedisplay elements.

The invention thus relates to a liquid-crystalline medium havingnegative dielectric anisotropy which contains at least one compound ofthe formula I and at least one compound of the formula II.

LC compositions containing compounds of the formula I are known fromU.S. 2008/0011984A1.

Preferred embodiments of the LC media are the following:

-   a) R¹, R², R³ and R⁴ are independently of each other preferably    alkyl, alkoxy or alkenyl. Alkyl and alkoxy are in each case a    straight chained residue containing 1 to 6 C atoms. The term    “alkenyl” comprises straight-chain and branched alkenyl groups with    2 to 7 C atoms. Straight-chain alkenyl groups are preferred. Further    preferred alkenyl groups are C₂-C₇-1E-alkenyl, C₄-C₇-3E-alkenyl,    C₅-C₇-4-alkenyl, C₆-C₇-5-alkenyl and C₇-6-alkenyl, in particular    C₂-C₇-1E-alkenyl, C₄-C₇-3E-alkenyl and C₅-C₇-4-alkenyl. Of these,    especially preferred alkenyl groups are vinyl, 1E-propenyl,    1E-butenyl, 1E-pentenyl, 1E-hexenyl, 1E-heptenyl, 3-butenyl,    3E-pentenyl, 3E-hexenyl, 3E-heptenyl, 4-pentenyl, 4Z-hexenyl,    4E-hexenyl, 4Z-heptenyl, 5-hexenyl and 6-heptenyl. Alkenyl groups    with up to 5 C atoms are particularly preferred.-   b) The compounds of formula I are selected from the following    formulae,

-   -   wherein “alkyl” and “alkyl*” independently of each other denote        C₁₋₆-alkyl and “alkenyl” and “alkenyl*” independently of each        other denote C₂₋₇-alkenyl. Especially preferred are LC media        containing one or more, preferably one, two or three compounds        of formula Ia preferably

-   c) The compounds of formula II are selected from the following    formulae IIa to IIr

-   -   wherein “alkyl” and “alkyl*” denote independently of each other        C₁₋₆-alkyl. “Alkenyl” denotes straight-chain alkenyl with 2 to 6        carbon atoms, preferably vinyl, CH₃CH═CH, CH₂═CHCH₂CH₂ and        CH₃CH═CHCH₂CH₂. Especially preferred LC media contain at least        one compound selected from the group of compounds of the formula        IIa, IIb, IId, IIf and IIi.    -   In the compounds of the formula II and the subformulae IIa to        IIr X¹ and X² denote preferably F and Cl. Especially preferred        are compounds wherein X¹=X²=F or X¹=Cl and X²=F. In a preferred        embodiment is X¹=X²=F.

-   d) The LC medium additionally contains one or more compounds    selected of formula III,

-   -   wherein    -   R⁵ and R⁶ are independently of each other alkyl or alkoxy with 1        to 8 C atoms wherein one or more CH₂-groups are optionally        replaced by —CH═CH—,

to

are independently of each other

-   -   n is 0 or 1.    -   The compounds of formula III are selected from the subformulae        IIIa to IIIn

-   -   in which    -   alkyl and alkyl* each, independently of one another, denote a        straight-chain alkyl radical having 1-6 C atoms, and    -   alkenyl and alkenyl* each, independently of one another, denote        a straight-chain alkenyl radical having 2-6 C atoms.    -   The medium according to the invention preferably contains at        least one compound of the formula IIIa, formula IIIb, formula        IIIe, IIIg, IIIh, and/or IIIi. Especially preferred is the        compound of the formula IIIi. Preferred mixtures contain the        compound of the formula IIIi in amounts of 5-25% by weight based        on the total mixture.    -   Particularly preferred compounds of the formulae IIIe and IIIf        are indicated below:

-   -   Especially preferred are LC mixtures which contain >30% by        weight, most preferred ≧35% by weight of at least one compound        of the formula

-   -   Preferred compounds of the formulae IIIh are indicated below:

-   f) Liquid-crystalline medium which additionally contains one or more    tetracyclic compounds of the formulae

-   -   in which    -   R⁷ and R⁸ each, independently of one another, have one of the        meaning indicated for R¹ in Claim 1, and    -   w and x each, independently of one another, denote 1 to 6.

-   g) Liquid-crystalline medium which contains one or more compounds of    the formulae Z-1 to Z-15

-   -   in which R¹³-R²⁸ each, independently of one another, have the        meanings indicated for R¹, and z and m each, independently of        one another, denote 1-6. R^(E) denotes H, CH₃, C₂H₅ or n-C₃H₇.    -   Especially preferred is the compound of the formula Z-15.        Preferred LC mixtures contain 5-25% by weight of the compound of        the formula Z-15 based on the total mixture.

-   h) Liquid-crystalline medium which additionally contains one or more    biphenyl or terphenyl compounds of the formulae T-1 and B-1

-   -   in which R denotes alkyl, alkenyl, alkoxy, alkylalkoxy or        alkenyloxy having 1 or 2 to 6 C atoms, and alkenyl has the        meaning indicated above.    -   A preferred compound of the formula B-1 is a compound of the        formula B-1a

-   -   LC mixtures containing 5-25% by weight of at least one compound        of the formula T-1 and/or B-1 are preferred.

-   i) Liquid-crystalline medium which contains at least one compound    with a positive delta epsilon (Δ∈) selected from the formulae P-1 to    P-6,

-   -   in which R^(1*) has the meaning of R¹ in Claim 1 and in L^(1*)        and L^(2*) each independently of one another denote H or F.    -   Particularly preferred media contain one or more compounds        selected from the compounds of the formulae P-1 to P-6 wherein        L^(1*) and L^(2*) are both F.    -   Preferred mixtures according to the present invention contain        ≦10% by weight of the compounds of the formulae P-1 to P-6.

-   j) Particularly preferred media contain one oder more compounds of    the formula II wherein X¹=X²=F.

-   k) Liquid-crystalline medium in which the proportion of the    compounds of the formula III in the mixture as a whole is from 0 to    50% by weight preferably from 3 to 50% by weight.

-   l) Liquid-crystalline medium which contains at least one indane    compound selected from the formulae In-1 to In-18:

-   -   Preferred LC mixtures contain at least 5-20% by weight of at        least one compound of the formula In-1 to In-18.    -   Particularly preferred media contain one or more compounds        selected from the group consisting of the compounds of the        formulae:

-   -   Particular preference is given to media which contain at least        one compound of the formula In-1a.

-   m) Liquid-crystalline medium which contains one, two, three, four or    more, preferably at least two compounds of the formula II.

-   n) Liquid-crystalline medium in which R¹ and R² in the formula I    preferably have independently of each other the following meanings:    straight-chain alkyl, vinyl, 1E-alkenyl or 3-alkenyl.    -   If R¹ denotes alkenyl, it is preferably CH₂═CH, CH₃—CH═CH,        C₃H₇—CH═CH, CH₂═CH—C₂H₄ or CH₃—CH═CH—C₂H₄.

-   o) Liquid-crystalline medium in which the proportion of compounds of    the formula I in the mixture as a whole is 1 to 30% by weight,    preferably at least 5% by weight, most preferably 5 to 15% by    weight, based on the total mixture.

-   p) Liquid-crystalline medium in which the proportion of compounds of    the formula II in the mixture as a whole is at least 30% by weight,    preferably at least 40%.

-   q) Preferred liquid-crystalline media according to the invention    contain one or more substances with a tetrahydronaphthyl or naphthyl    unit, such as, for example, the compounds of the formulae N-1 to    N-5.

-   -   in which R^(1N) and R^(2N) each, independently of one another,        have the meaning of R¹ in claim 1.

-   r) Preferred mixture concepts are given in the following.    -   LC mixture contains        -   at least one compound of the formula I, preferably at least            one compound of the formula Ia, and        -   at least one compound of the formula II and        -   at least one compound of the formula T-1.    -   LC mixture contains        -   at least one compound of the formula I, preferably at least            one compound of the formula Ia, and        -   at least one compound of the formula II, and        -   at least one compound of the formula B-1.    -   LC mixture contains        -   at least one compound of the formula I, preferably at least            one compound of the formula Ia, and        -   at least one compound of the formula II, and        -   at least one compound of the formula Z-15.    -   LC mixture contains        -   at least one compound of the formula I, preferably at least            one compound of the formula Ia, and        -   at least one compound of the formula II, and        -   at least one compound of the formula In-1 to In-18.    -   LC mixture contains        -   at least one compound of the formula I, preferably at least            one compound of the formula Ia, and        -   at least one compound of the formula IIj, IIk and/or IIl.    -   LC mixture contains        -   at least one compound of the formula I, preferably at least            one compound of the formula Ia, and        -   at least one compound of the formula IIr.    -   LC mixture contains at least one compound of the formula with        the acronym CCOC-n-m listed in the following table.    -   LC mixture contains at least one compound of the formula with        the acronym CCPC-nmr listed in the following table.    -   LC mixture contains at least one compound of the formula with        the acronym CH-nm listed in the following table.

The invention furthermore relates to an electro-optical display withactive-matrix addressing based on the ECB effect, characterised in thatit contains, as dielectric, a liquid-crystalline medium according to oneof Claims 1 to 9.

The liquid-crystalline medium preferably has a nematic phase range of atleast 60 K and a flow viscosity ν₂₀ of at most 30 mm²·s⁻¹ at 20° C.

The liquid-crystalline mixture according to the invention has a Δ∈ ofabout −0.5 to −8.0, in particular about −3.0 to −6.0, where Δ∈ denotesthe dielectric anisotropy. The rotational viscosity γ₁ is preferably<150 mPa·s, in particular <140 mPa·s.

The birefringence Δn in the liquid-crystal mixture is generally from0.07 to 0.18, preferably from 0.08 to 0.16, most preferably from 0.08 to0.13.

The mixtures according to the invention are suitable for all VA-TFTapplications, such as, for example, MVA, PVA, ASV and PS-VA. They arefurthermore suitable for IPS, FFS and PALC applications with negativeΔ∈.

The individual components of the formulae I, II and III of theliquid-crystal phases according to the invention are either known ortheir methods of preparation can easily be derived from the prior art bythe person skilled in the relevant art since they are based on standardmethods described in the literature.

The nematic liquid-crystal mixtures in the displays according to theinvention generally comprise two components A and B, which themselvesconsist of one or more individual compounds.

Component A has significantly negative dielectric anisotropy and givesthe nematic phase a dielectric anisotropy of ≦−0.3. It preferablycomprises compounds of the formulae II.

The proportion of component A is preferably between 30 and 99%, inparticular between 40 and 90%.

For component A, one (or more) individual compound(s) which has (have) avalue of Δ∈ of ≦−0.8 is (are) preferably selected. This value must bemore negative the smaller the proportion A in the mixture as a whole.

Component B has pronounced nematogeneity and a flow viscosity of notgreater than 30 mm²·s⁻¹, preferably not greater than 25 mm²·s⁻¹, at 20°C.

Particularly preferred individual compounds in component B are extremelylow-viscosity nematic liquid crystals having a flow viscosity of notgreater than 18 mm²·s⁻¹, preferably not greater than 12 mm²·s⁻¹, at 20°C.

Component B is monotropically or enantiotropically nematic, has nosmectic phases and is able to prevent the occurrence of smectic phasesdown to very low temperatures in liquid-crystal mixtures. For example,if various materials of high nematogeneity are added to a smecticliquid-crystal mixture, the nematogeneity of these materials can becompared through the degree of suppression of smectic phases that isachieved.

A multiplicity of suitable materials is known to the person skilled inthe art from the literature. Particular preference is given to compoundsof the formulae I, II and III.

In addition, these liquid-crystal phases may also comprise more than 18components, preferably 18 to 25 components.

The phases preferably comprise 4 to 15, in particular 5 to 12, compoundsof the formulae I, II and optionally III.

Besides compounds of the formulae I, II and III, other constituents mayalso be present, for example in an amount of up to 45% of the mixture asa whole, but preferably up to 35%, in particular up to 10%.

The other constituents are preferably selected from nematic ornematogenic substances, in particular known substances, from the classesof the azoxybenzenes, benzylideneanilines, biphenyls, terphenyls, phenylor cyclohexyl benzoates, phenyl or cyclohexyl cyclohexanecarboxylates,phenylcyclohexanes, cyclohexylbiphenyls, cyclohexylcyclohexanes,cyclohexylnaphthalenes, 1,4-biscyclohexylbiphenyls orcyclohexylpyrimidines, phenyl- or cyclohexyldioxanes, optionallyhalogenated stilbenes, benzyl phenyl ethers, tolans and substitutedcinnamic acids.

The most important compounds which are suitable as constituents ofliquid-crystal phases of this type can be characterised by the formulaIV

R⁹-L-G-E-R¹⁰  IV

in which L and E each denote a carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring systemfrom the group formed by 1,4-disubstituted benzene and cyclohexanerings, 4,4′-disubstituted biphenyl, phenylcyclohexane andcyclohexylcyclohexane systems, 2,5-disubstituted pyrimidine and1,3-dioxane rings, 2,6-disubstituted naphthalene, di- andtetrahydronaphthalene, quinazoline and tetrahydroquinazoline,

-   -   G is        -   —CH═CH— —N(O)═N—        -   —CH—CQ— —CH═N(O)—        -   —C≡C— —CH₂—CH₂—        -   —CO—O— —CH₂—O—        -   —CO—S— —CH₂—S—        -   —CH═N— —COO-Phe-COO        -   —CF₂O— —CF═CF—        -   —OCF₂ —OCH₂—        -   —(CH₂)₄— —(CH₂)₃O— or            or a C—C single bond, Q denotes halogen, preferably            chlorine, or —CN, and R⁹ and R¹⁹ each denote alkyl, alkenyl,            alkoxy, alkanoyloxy or alkoxycarbonyloxy having up to 18,            preferably up to 8 carbon atoms, or one of these radicals            alternatively denotes CN, NC, NO₂, NCS, CF₃, OCF₃, F, Cl or            Br.

In most of these compounds, R⁹ and R¹⁰ are different from one another,one of these radicals usually being an alkyl or alkoxy group. Othervariants of the proposed substituents are common. Many such substancesor also mixtures thereof are also commercially available. All thesesubstances can be prepared by methods known from the literature.

It goes without saying for the person skilled in the art that the VA,IPS or PALC mixture according to the invention may also comprisecompounds in which, for example, H, N, O, Cl and F have been replaced bythe corresponding isotopes.

The construction of the liquid-crystal displays according to theinvention corresponds to the usual geometry, as described, for example,in EP-A 0 240 379.

The following examples are intended to explain the invention withoutlimiting it. Above and below, percentages are percent by weight based onthe total mixture; all temperatures are indicated in degrees Celsius.

Besides the compounds of the formulae I and II, the mixtures accordingto the invention preferably comprise one or more of the compounds shownbelow.

The following abbreviations are used:

(n and m=1-6; z=1-6; m(O)m denotes n-m or n-Om)

The liquid-crystal mixtures which can be used in accordance with theinvention are prepared in a manner which is conventional per se. Ingeneral, the desired amount of the components used in lesser amount isdissolved in the components making up the principal constituent,advantageously at elevated temperature. It is also possible to mixsolutions of the components in an organic solvent, for example inacetone, chloroform or methanol, and to remove the solvent again, forexample by distillation, after mixing.

The dielectrics may also comprise further additives known to the personskilled in the art and described in the literature, such as, forexample, UV absorbers, nanoparticles, nanobeeds, microparticles,antioxidants and free-radical scavengers. For example, 0-15% ofpleochroic dyes, stabilisers or chiral dopants may be added.

For example, 0-15% of pleochroic dyes may be added, furthermoreconductive salts, preferably ethyldimethyldodecylammonium4-hexoxybenzoate, tetrabutylammonium tetraphenylboranate or complexsalts of crown ethers (cf., for example, Haller et al., Mol. Cryst. Liq.Cryst. Volume 24, pages 249-258 (1973)) in order to improve theconductivity or substances may be added in order to modify thedielectric anisotropy, the viscosity and/or the alignment of the nematicphases. Substances of this type are described, for example, in DE-A 2209 127, 22 40 864, 23 21 632, 23 38 281, 24 50 088, 26 37 430 and 28 53728.

Table A shows for example possible dopants which can be added to themixtures according to the invention. If the mixtures according to theinvention comprise a dopant, it is generally added in amounts of 0.01 to4.0% by weight, preferably 0.1 to 1.0% by weight.

TABLE A

C 15

CB 15

CM 21

R/S-811

CM 44

CM 45

CM 47

CN

R/S-1011

R/S-2011

R/S-3011

R/S-4011

R/S-5011

Stabilisers which can be added, for example, to the mixtures accordingto the invention are shown below in Table B.

TABLE B

(n = 1-12)

The following examples are intended to explain the invention withoutlimiting it. Above and below,

V_(o) denotes the threshold voltage, capacitive [V] at 20° C.Δn denotes the optical anisotropy measured at 20° C. and 589 nmΔ∈ denotes the dielectric anisotropy at 20° C. and 1 kHzcp. denotes the clearing point [° C.]γ₁ denotes the rotational viscosity measured at 20° C. [mPa·s]LTS denotes the low temperature stability, determined in test cells

For the purposes of the present invention, all concentrations are,unless explicitly stated otherwise, indicated in percent by weight andrelate to the corresponding mixture or mixture component. All physicalproperties are and have been determined in accordance with “Merck LiquidCrystals, Physical Properties of Liquid Crystals”, Status November 1997,Merck KGaA, Germany, and apply to a temperature of 20° C., unlessexplicitly stated otherwise. The rotational viscosity is determined bythe rotating permanent magnet method and the flow viscosity in amodified Ubbelohde viscometer.

The display used for measurement of the threshold voltage has twoplane-parallel outer plates at a separation of 20 μm and electrodelayers with overlying alignment layers of SE-1211 (Nissan Chemicals) onthe insides of the outer plates, which effect a homeotropic alignment ofthe liquid crystals.

The following examples are intended to explain the invention withoutrestricting it.

MIXTURE EXAMPLES Example 1

A liquid crystal mixture containing

CY-3-O4 32.00% CY-5-O2 6.00% CCY-3-O2 7.00% CCY-4-O2 7.00% CCY-3-O32.00% CCY-3-1 4.00% PYP-2-3 10.00% PYP-2-4 10.00% BCH-32 7.00% CPGP-5-36.00% CPGP-5-2 6.00% CPGP-4-3 3.00% cp. [° C.]: 100.8 Δn [589 nm, 20°C.]: 0.1504

Example 2

A liquid crystal mixture containing

CY-3-O4 32.00% CY-5-O2 6.00% CCY-3-O2 7.00% CCY-1-O2 7.00% CCY-3-O34.00% PYP-2-3 10.00% PYP-2-4 10.00% BCH-32 7.00% CPGP-5-3 6.00% CPGP-5-26.00% CPGP-1-3 3.00% CCP-V-1 2.00% cp. [° C.]: 101.5 Δn [589 nm, 20°C.]: 0.150 Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: −4.0 K₁ [20° C.]: 15.1 K₃ [20° C.]: 17.0K₃/K₁ [20° C.]: 1.13 V₀ [20° C.]: 2.17 V

Example 3

A liquid crystal mixture containing

CY-3-O4 30.00% CY-5-O2 4.00% CCY-3-O2 5.00% CCY-4-O2 8.00% CCY-3-O38.00% PYP-2-3 10.00% PYP-2-4 10.00% PGP-2-3 14.00% CPGP-5-3 10.00% cp.[° C.]: 98.4 Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.1631 Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: −4.0 K₁[20° C.]: 15.3 K₃ [20° C.]: 17.2 K₃/K₁ [20° C.]: 1.12 V₀ [20° C.]: 2.19V

Example 4

A liquid crystal mixture containing

CY-3-O4 19.00% CY-5-O4 18.00% CCY-3-O2 6.00% CCY-3-O3 6.00% CCY-4-O26.00% CCY-5-O2 6.00% CPY-2-O2 9.00% CPY-3-O2 9.00% CH-43 3.00% CH-453.00% CCOC-3-3 2.00% CCOC-4-3 2.00% CCOC-3-5 2.00% CCPC-33 3.00% CCPC-343.00% CPGP-5-3 3.00% cp. [° C.]: 113 Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.1072 Δε [1kHz, 20° C.]: −5.6

Example 5

A liquid crystal mixture containing

CY-3-O4 26.00% CY-3-O2 10.00% CCY-3-O2 7.00% CCY-3-O3 7.00% CCY-4-O26.00% CCY-5-O2 6.00% CCY-2-1 9.00% CCY-3-1 8.00% PGP-2-3 10.00% CPGP-5-23.00% CC-3-V1 8.00% cp. [° C.]: 85.9 Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.1117 Δε [1kHz, 20° C.]: −4.7 K₁ [20° C.]: 14.7 K₃ [20° C.]: 16.4 K₃/K₁ [20° C.]:1.11 V₀ [20° C.]: 1.98 V

Example 6

A liquid crystal mixture containing

CY-3-O4 28.00% CCY-3-O2 7.00% CCY-3-O3 6.00% CCY-4-O2 6.00% CCY-5-O26.00% CCY-3-1 8.00% PGP-2-3 13.00% CPGP-5-2 4.00% CC-4-V 10.00% CK-3-F4.00% CK-4-F 4.00% CK-5-F 4.00% cp. [° C.]: 85.2 Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]:0.1134 Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: −4.8 K₁ [20° C.]: 14.3 K₃ [20° C.]: 14.3K₃/K₁ [20° C.]: 1.00 V₀ [20° C.]: 1.84 V

Example 7

A liquid crystal mixture containing

CY-3-O4 28.00% CY-5-04 15.00% CCY-3-O2 8.00% CCY-3-O3 8.00% CCY-4-O28.00% CPGP-5-2 7.00% CPGP-5-3 6.00% CC-4-V 14.00% PGP-2-3 6.00% cp. [°C.]: 83.3 Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.1107 Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: −4.0 K₁ [20°C.]: 12.6 K₃ [20° C.]: 14.3 K₃/K₁ [20° C.]: 1.14 V₀ [20° C.]: 2.00 V

Example 8

A liquid crystal mixture containing

CY-3-O4 25.00% CCY-3-O2 7.00% CCY-3-O3 7.00% CCY-4-O2 7.00% CCY-3-17.00% PGP-2-3 11.00% CPGP-5-2 8.00% CC-4-V 16.00% CK-3-F 4.00% CK-4-F4.00% CK-5-F 4.00% cp. [° C.]: 87.5 Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.1121 Δε [1kHz, 20° C.]: −4.0 K₁ [20° C.]: 13.1 K₃ [20° C.]: 14.5 K₃/K₁ [20° C.]:1.11 V₀ [20° C.]: 2.00 V

Example 9

A liquid crystal mixture containing

CY-3-O4 21.00% CY-5-O4 13.00% CCY-3-O2 7.00% CCY-3-O3 7.00% CCY-4-O26.00% CPY-3-O2 11.00% CCY-2-1 7.00% CCY-3-1 7.00% PYP-2-3 5.50% CPGP-5-23.50% CC-3-V1 5.00% CC-5-V 7.00% cp. [° C.]: 87.6 Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]:0.1088 Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: −4.9 K₁ [20° C.]: 15.3 K₃ [20° C.]: 16.1K₃/K₁ [20° C.]: 1.05 V₀ [20° C.]: 1.93 V

Example 10

A liquid crystal mixture containing

CY-3-O4 21.00% CY-5-O4 14.00% CCY-3-O2 7.00% CCY-3-O3 6.00% CCY-4-O25.50% CPY-3-O2 11.00% CCY-2-1 7.00% CCY-3-1 7.00% PYP-2-3 5.00% CPGP-5-24.50% CC-3-V1 5.50% CC-5-V 6.50% cp. [° C.]: 87.5 Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]:0.1092 Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: −4.8 K₁ [20° C.]: 15.0 K₃ [20° C.]: 16.1K₃/K₁ [20° C.]: 1.08 V₀ [20° C.]: 1.95 V

Example 11

A liquid crystal mixture containing

CY-3-O4 24.50% CCY-3-O2 8.00% CCY-3-O3 8.00% CCY-4-O2 8.00% CCY-3-17.00% PGP-2-3 10.00% CPGP-5-2 7.00% CC-4-V 15.50% CK-3-F 4.00% CK-4-F4.00% CK-5-F 4.00% cp. [° C.]: 88.5 Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.1098 Δε [1kHz, 20° C.]: −4.2 K₁ [20° C.]: 13.2 K₃ [20° C.]: 14.7 K₃/K₁ [20° C.]:1.11 V₀ [20° C.]: 1.97 V

Example 12

A liquid crystal mixture containing

CY-3-O4 25.00% CCY-3-O2 7.00% CCY-3-O3 7.00% CCY-4-O2 7.00% CCY-5-O24.00% CCY-3-1 6.00% PGP-2-3 7.00% PGP-2-4 3.00% CPGP-5-2 7.00% CC-4-V15.00% CK-3-F 4.00% CK-4-F 4.00% CK-5-F 4.00% cp. [° C.]: 88.8 Δn [589nm, 20° C.]: 0.1099 Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: −4.4 K₁ [20° C.]: 14.0 K₃ [20°C.]: 14.5 K₃/K₁ [20° C.]: 1.04 V₀ [20° C.]: 1.94 V

Example 13

A liquid crystal mixture containing

CY-3-O4 25.00% CCY-3-O2 7.00% CCY-3-O3 6.00% CCY-4-O2 6.00% CPY-3-O212.00% PGP-2-3 4.00% CPGP-5-2 6.00% CCP-V-1 7.00% CC-4-V 16.00% CK-3-F4.00% CK-4-F 3.00% CK-5-F 4.00% cp. [° C.]: 90.4 Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]:0.1090 Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: −4.5 K₁ [20° C.]: 14.0 K₃ [20° C.]: 15.4K₃/K₁ [20° C.]: 1.10 V₀ [20° C.]: 1.96 V γ₁ [mPa · s, 20°]: 187 LTS Bulk[−30° C.] >1000 h

Example 14

A liquid crystal mixture containing

CY-3-O4 29.50% CCY-2-1 10.50% CCY-3-1 10.00% CCY-3-O2 6.00% CCY-4-O27.00% CCY-3-O3 4.00% PYP-2-3 7.00% PYP-2-4 6.00% BCH-32 14.00% CPGP-5-33.00% CPGP-5-2 3.00% cp. [° C.]: 100.8 Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.1329 Δε [1kHz, 20° C.]: −3.8 K₁ [20° C.]: 15.6 K₃ [20° C.]: 16.6 K₃/K₁ [20° C.]:1.06 V₀ [20° C.]: 2.18 V LTS Bulk [−20° C.] >1000 h

Example 15

A liquid crystal mixture containing

CY-3-O4 32.00% CY-5-O2 11.00% CCY-3-O3 10.00% CCY-5-O2 10.00% PYP-2-38.00% PYP-2-4 8.00% BCH-32 2.00% CPGP-5-3 7.00% CPGP-5-2 7.00% CPGP-4-35.00% cp. [° C.]: 100.6 Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.1462 Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]:−4.4 K₁ [20° C.]: 14.7 K₃ [20° C.]: 17.3 K₃/K₁ [20° C.]: 1.18 V₀ [20°C.]: 2.09 V

Example 16

A liquid crystal mixture containing

CY-3-O4 32.00% CY-5-O2 7.00% CCY-2-1 8.00% CCY-3-O2 8.00% CCY-4-O2 7.00%CCY-3-O3 7.00% PYP-2-3 6.00% BCH-32 13.00% CPGP-5-2 6.00% CPGP-5-3 6.00%cp. [° C.]: 100.8 Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.1303 Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: −4.3K₁ [20° C.]: 15.0 K₃ [20° C.]: 17.3 K₃/K₁ [20° C.]: 1.15 V₀ [20° C.]:2.12 V LTS Bulk [−20° C.] >1000 h

Example 17

A liquid crystal mixture containing

CY-3-O4 32.00% CY-3-O4 29.00% CY-5-O2 11.00% CCY-2-1 7.00% CCY-3-O28.00% CCY-4-O2 7.00% CCY-3-O3 4.50% PYP-2-3 6.00% BCH-32 15.50% CPGP-5-26.00% CPGP-5-3 6.00% cp. [° C.]: 100.7 Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.1320 Δε [1kHz, 20° C.]: −4.0 K₁ [20° C.]: 16.1 K₃ [20° C.]: 17.3 K₃/K₁ [20° C.]:1.07 V₀ [20° C.]: 2.16 V LTS Bulk [−20° C.] >1000 h

Example 18

A liquid crystal mixture containing

CY-3-O4 32.00% CY-5-O2 6.00% CCY-2-1 8.00% CCY-3-1 3.00% CCY-3-O2 7.00%CCY-4-O2 7.00% CCY-3-O3 5.00% PYP-2-3 8.00% BCH-32 10.00% CPGP-5-2 6.00%CPGP-5-3 6.00% CPGP-4-3 2.00% cp. [° C.]: 104.7 Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]:0.1360 K₁ [20° C.]: 16.7 K₃ [20° C.]: 17.7 K₃/K₁ [20° C.]: 1.06 V₀ [20°C.]: 2.25 V LTS Bulk [−20° C.] >1000 h

Example 19

A liquid crystal mixture containing

CY-3-O4 29.00% CCY-2-1 10.00% CCY-3-1 10.00% CCY-3-O2 7.00% CCY-4-O27.00% CCY-3-O3 6.00% PYP-2-3 8.00% PYP-2-4 5.00% BCH-32 11.00% CPGP-5-33.00% CPGP-5-2 3.00% CPGP-4-3 1.00% cp. [° C.]: 103.8 Δn [589 nm, 20°C.]: 0.1331 K₁ [20° C.]: 16.7 K₃ [20° C.]: 17.2 K₃/K₁ [20° C.]: 1.03 V₀[20° C.]: 2.16 V LTS Bulk [−20° C.] >1000 h

Example 20

A liquid crystal mixture containing

CY-3-O2 7.00% CY-3-O4 11.00% CCY-3-O2 3.00% CCY-3-O3 7.00% CCY-4-O28.00% CPY-2-O2 8.00% CPY-3-O2 8.00% CC-3-V 20.50% CC-5-V 7.00% CC-3-V16.00% CPGP-5-2 1.50% PYP-2-3 9.00% PYP-2-4 4.00% cp. [° C.]: 84.5 Δn[589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.1107

1. A liquid crystalline medium containing at least one compound offormula I and at least one compound of formula II and at least onecompound of formula III

wherein R¹ to R⁴ are each independently alkyl or alkoxy with 1 to 8 Catoms, wherein one or more CH₂-groups are optionally replaced by—CH═CH—, —CF₂O or —O— in a way that —O— atoms are not linked directly toone another,

is

or

and X¹ and X² are each independently F, Cl or CF₃, Z¹ and Z² are eachindependently a single bond, —CH₂CH₂—, —CH₂O—, —OCH₂—, —CF₂O—, —OCF₂—,—COO—, m is 0 or 1, R⁵ and R⁶ are independently of each other alkyl oralkoxy with 1 to 8 C atoms, wherein one or more CH₂-groups areoptionally replaced by —CH═CH—,

to

are independently of each other

and n is
 1. 2. A liquid crystalline medium according to claim 1,comprising one or more compounds of the following formulae

wherein alkyl and alkyl* independently for each other denote C₁₋₆-alkyland alkenyl and alkenyl* independently for each other denoteC₂₋₆-alkenyl.
 3. A liquid crystalline medium according to claim 1,comprising one or more compounds of formula Ia.
 4. A liquid crystallinemedium according to claim 1, comprising one or more compounds of thefollowing formulae IIa to IIr,

wherein alkyl and alkyl* independently for each other denote C₁₋₆-alkyl,alkenyl denotes C₂₋₆-alkenyl, and X¹ and X² are each independently F, Clor CF₃.
 5. (canceled)
 6. A liquid crystalline medium according to claim1, comprising one or more compounds of formulae IIIa to IIIn

wherein alkyl and alkyl* each, independently of one another, denote astraight-chain alkyl radical having 1-6 C atoms, and alkenyl andalkenyl* each, independently of one another, denote a straight-chainalkenyl radical having 2-6 C atoms.
 7. A liquid crystalline mediumaccording to claim 1, wherein the proportion of the compounds of formulaI in the liquid crystalline medium as a whole is 1 to 30% by weight. 8.A liquid crystalline medium according to claim 1, wherein the proportionof the compound of formula II in the liquid crystalline medium as awhole is at least 30% by weight.
 9. A liquid crystalline mediumaccording to claim 1, wherein the proportion of the compound of formulaIII in the liquid crystalline medium as a whole is 3 to 50% by weight.10. A method for achieving an electrooptical effect, comprisingaddressing a liquid crystalline medium according to claim
 1. 11. Anelectrooptical liquid crystal display containing a liquid crystallinemedium according to claim
 1. 12. An electrooptical display according toclaim 11, which has active matrix addressing and is based on the ECB,VA, ASV, PS-VA, MVA, FFS or PALC mode.
 13. A liquid crystalline mediumaccording to claim 1, wherein the proportion of the compounds of formulaZ-15 in the liquid crystalline medium as a whole is 5 to 25% by weight.14. A liquid crystalline medium according to claim 1, further comprisingone or more biphenyl or terphenyl compounds of formula T-1 and/or B-1

in which R denotes alkyl, alkenyl, alkoxy, alkylalkoxy or alkenyloxyhaving 1 or 2 to 6 C atoms, and alkenyl denotes a straight-chain alkenylradical having 2-6 C atoms.
 15. A liquid crystalline medium according toclaim 1, further comprising one or more compounds of formula P-1 to P-6

in which R^(1*) is alkyl or alkoxy with 1 to 8 C atoms, wherein one ormore CH₂-groups are optionally replaced by —CH═CH—, —CF₂O or —O— in away that —O— atoms are not linked directly to one another, and L^(1*)and L^(2*) each independently of one another denote H or F.
 16. A liquidcrystalline medium according to claim 1, further comprising one or moreindane compounds of formulae In-1 to In-18

wherein R¹ and R⁰ are each independently alkyl or alkoxy with 1 to 8 Catoms, wherein one or more CH₂-groups are optionally replaced by—CH═CH—, —CF₂O or —O— in a way that —O— atoms are not linked directly toone another.
 17. A liquid crystalline medium according to claim 1,further comprising one or more indane compounds of formulae In-1 toIn-18

wherein R¹ denotes a straight-chain alkyl radical having 1-6 C atoms ora straight-chain alkenyl radical having 2-6 C atoms, and R⁰ denotes H ora straight-chain alkyl radical having 1-6 C atoms.
 18. A liquidcrystalline medium according to claim 1, further comprising one or moreindane compounds of the following formulae

wherein alkyl and alkyl* each, independently of one another, denote astraight-chain alkyl radical having 1-6 C atoms, and alkenyl denotes astraight-chain alkenyl radical having 2-6 C atoms.
 19. A liquidcrystalline medium according to claim 1, further comprising one or moreUV absorbers, nanoparticles, nanobeeds, microparticles, antioxidantsand/or free-radical scavengers.
 20. A liquid crystalline mediumaccording to claim 1, further comprising a compound of formula CK-n-F

in which n is 1-6.